Chapter 1

Structure of Living Things Study Guide

A cell is the smallest part of a living thing that can carry out the activites of life. 

A cell membrane is the thin outer layer of a cell.  Both plants and animals have them.

Cytoplasm is the gel like stuff inside of a cell that that all of the other parts of the cell float around in. 

A nucleus is the sturcture in the center of the cell that acts like the brain of the cell and controls the activities of the cell  

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell that breaks food down to create energy for the cell.

Vacuoles are the part of the cell that hold food water and wastes.

Only plants have cell walls. They are the hard outer layer that provide protection and support for the plant.

The parts of a plant cell that uses the energy from sunlight to make food are called the chloroplasts.

An idividual that is alive and can maintain it's life is called an organism. 

An abiotic factor is a thing in an ecosystem that is not alive.  

A biotic factor is a living thing within an ecosystem.  

Cells that are similar and do the same job come together to make tissue. 

An organ is made of groups of tissue to complete a certain task or do a certain job.

An organ system is a group of organs that work together to do a certain job.

Fungus cannot make thier own food so they absorb food from decaying organisms.

Kingdom is the broadest category of living things.  They are Animalia, Plante, Fungi, Protists, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria.

Vertebrates have a backbone.  Invertabrates have no backbone.  Some animals have an exoskeleton.

Any plant that uses xylem and phloem to carry needed materials is called a vascular plant. 

Plants that absorb water straight from the ground are called non vascular plants because they have no tubes, roots or stems.  They are often called lower plants, because they are lower to the ground.s

Bacteria are one celled living things that that do not have a nucleus. 

Protists are one celled living things that can either make, eat or absorb food.   

Be ready to identify biotic and abiotic factors.  

Be ready to identify vertebrates and non vertabrates.   

Be ready to identify traits of organisms from different kindgoms.

Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk.Mammals are warm-blooded. Warm-blooded animals can control their body temperature. A giraffe is an example of a mammal.

Be ready to identify the difference between mammals, fish reptiles, and amphibians.

Be ready to identify the difference between Kingdom Plante and Kingdom Anamalia.

Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water. Amphibians are cold-blooded. The body temperature of cold-blooded animals depends on their environment. A green frog is an example of an amphibian.

Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Birds are warm-blooded. Warm-blooded animals can control their body temperature.  A penguin is an example of a bird.

examples of vertebrates and invetrtbrates

what are the traits of a bird, reptile, a mamal a fish?